Epilepsy and Psychiatric Drugs like Neurontin Double Risk of Suicidal Behavior

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(NaturalNews) The FDA issued a warning on earlier this year that anti-epileptic drugs double the risk of suicidal thoughts among people that take them, regardless of whether they are used as a treatment for epilepsy or other conditions.

Anti-epileptics, also known as anticonvulsants, are taken by millions of people as treatment for epileptic seizures, bipolar disorder, and severe pain like that from migraine headaches.

"All patients who are currently taking or starting on any anti-epileptic drug should be closely monitored for notable changes in behavior that could indicate the emergence or worsening of suicidal thoughts or behavior or depression," the FDA said. The agency also advised that doctors consider whether the benefits of prescribing the drugs outweigh the risks for each individual patient.

The FDA warning currently applies only to the 11 anti-epileptic drugs included in the agency's comprehensive review of 199 clinical trials: carbamazepine, marketed as Carbatrol; Equetro, Tegretol and Tegretol XR; felbamate, marketed as Felbatol; gabapentin, marketed as Neurontin; lamotrigine, marketed as Lamictal; levetiracetam, marketed as Keppra; oxcarbazepine, marketed as Trileptal; pregabalin, marketed as Lyrica; tiagabine, marketed as Gabitril; topiramate, marketed as Topamax; valproate, marketed as Depakote, Depakote ER, Depakene and Depacon; and zonisamide, marketed as Zonegran.

But the agency said that all anticonvulsants probably carry the same risks, and that the new warnings may be applied to the entire class of drugs.

The FDA has convened an advisory panel to decide on what next steps to take. For now, the labels of the 11 drugs studied must be updated to warn of the increased risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors. In addition to prescribing the drugs more carefully, the FDA said, doctors should make sure that patients and their families know to be alert for the warning signs of suicide and to contact a doctor immediately if those signs occur.

Warning signs include increased depression, withdrawal from loved ones, giving away prized possessions, a preoccupation with death, talking or thinking about self-injury, and overt suicidal thoughts. These symptoms can emerge within one week of beginning an anticonvulsant and can last for months.

The FDA reviewed nearly 200 clinical studies on 11 anticonvulsant drugs, including a total of 43,892 participants - 27,863 of whom received drugs and 16,029 who received a placebo. While the absolute risk of suicide for those taking anticonvulsants was low, at 0.43 percent, this was nearly twice the risk experienced by those on a placebo (0.22 percent). This means that for every 1,000 people taking anticonvulsants, 2.1 would experience suicidal thoughts or behaviors who would not otherwise have done so.

Four suicides occurred among participants taking anticonvulsants during the studies, while none occurred among those taking placebos.

The FDA noted that while all patients taking anticonvulsants experienced a heightened risk of suicidal thoughts, the risk was greater among those being treated for epilepsy than those being treated for other conditions.

The review of the epilepsy drugs was launched in 2005, partially in response to criticism of the FDA's handling of the painkiller Vioxx, which was withdrawn from the market in 2004 after studies found that it increased the risk of heart attacks and strokes. In addition, New York attorney Andrew Finkelstein petitioned the FDA in 2004 to warn doctors about the suicidal risks of Pfizer's anticonvulsant Neurontin (also sold generically as gabapentin).

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